CONTENTS

List of illustrations
List of tables
Preface to the second edition
A note for course organisers and class teachers

Introduction
Linguistics
Developmental linguistics
Psycholinguistics
Neurolinguistics
Sociolinguistics
Exercises

Further reading and references

Part I Sounds

1 Introduction

2 Sounds and suprasegmentalS
Consonants
Vowels
Suprasegmentals
Exercises

3 Sound variation
Linguistic variables and sociological variables
Stylistic variation
Linguistically determined variation
Variation and language change
Exercises

4 Sound change
Consonant change
Vowel change
The transition problem: regular sound change versus lexical diffusion
Suprasegmental change
Exercises

5 Phonemes, syllables and phonological processes
Phonemes
Syllables
Syllabification and the Maximal Onset Principle
Phonological processes
Phonological features
Features and processes
Constraints in phonology
Exercises

6 Child phonology
Early achievements
Phonological processes in acquisition
Perception, production and a dual-lexicon model
Exercises

7 Processing sounds
Speech perception
Speech production
Other aspects of phonological processing
Exercises

Further reading and references

Part II Words
8 Introduction

9 Word classes
Lexical categories
Functional categories
The morphological properties of English verbs
Exercises

10 Building words
Morphemes
Morphological processes – derivation and inflection
Compounds
Clitics
Allomorphy
Exercises

11 Morphology across languages
The agglutinative ideal
Types of morphological operationS
Exercises

12 Word meaning
Entailment and hyponymy
Meaning opposites
Semantic features
Dictionaries and prototypes
Exercises

13 Children and words
Early words – a few facts
Apprentices in morphology
The semantic significance of early words
Exercises

14 Lexical processing and the mental lexicon
Serial-autonomous versus parallel-interactive processing models
On the representation of words in the mental lexicon
Exercises

15 Lexical disorders
Words and morphemes in aphasia
Agrammatism
Paraphasias
Dissociations in SLI subjects’ inflectional systems
Exercises

16 Lexical variation and changE
Borrowing words
Register: words for brain surgeons and soccer players, hairdressers and lifesavers
Biscuit or cookie? Variation and change in word choice
Same word – new meaning
Variation and change in morphology
Exercises

Further reading and references

Part III Sentences
17 Introduction

18 Basic terminology
Categories and functions
Complex sentences
The functions of clauses
Exercises

19 Sentence structure
Merger
Tests for constituency
Agreement, case assignent and selection
Exercises

20 Empty categories
Empty T constituent
PRO: the empty subject of infinitive clauses
Covert complements
Empty complementisers
Empty determiners
Exercises

21 Movement
Head movement
Operator movement
Yes–no questions
Other types of movement
Exercises

22 Syntactic variation
Inversion in varieties of English
Syntactic parameters of variation
The Null Subject Parameter
Parametric differences between English and German
Exercises

23 Sentence meanings and Logical Form
Preliminaries
Thematic roles
A philosophical diversion
Covert movement and Logical Form
Exercises

24 Children’s sentences
Setting parameters: an example
Null subjects in early Child English
Non-finite clauses in Child English
Children’s nominals
Exercises

25 Sentence processing
Click studies
Processing empty categories
Strategies of sentence procssing
Exercises

26. Syntactic disorders
Agrammatism
Paragrammatism
Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
Exercises

27 Using sentences
Context and pronouns
Topic/focus
Presuppositions
Doing things with words
The logic of conversation
Context and coherence
Relevance Theory
Taking turns
Exercises

Further reading and references

Conclusion

Appendix 1 The International Phonetic Alphabet
Appendix 2 Phonological distinctive features
Appendix 3 Distinctive feature matrix for English consonant phonemes